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- resource use
- fossil fuels
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resource use
academia.edu 2013 Developing Resource use Scenarios for Europe by Marina Fischer-Kowalski, Willi Haas, Daniel Hausknost, Irene Pallua , Dominik Wiedenhofer
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fossil fuels
economicsfromthetopdown.com 10-2-2022 A Case Study of Fossil-Fuel Depletion
ideas4development.org/en/real-dependence-gdp-fossil-fuels/
oilprice.com 2-2-2022 The Lack of Fossil Fuel Investment Is Hindering The Energy Transition – Last week, the CEO of Saudi Aramco announced that the global clean energy transition is “not going smoothly.” – Underinvestment in fossil fuels has led to soaring prices across the globe. To make the energy transition work properly, the world needs to find a balance between renewable and fossil fuel investment, at least in the short to medium term. – By Michael Kern
elements.visualcapitalist.com 30-1-2022 Charted: $5 Trillion in Fossil Fuel Subsidies – By Govind Bhutada
phys.org/ 24/3/2021 Fossil fuel companies get $62B a year in implicit subsidies, economist reports by Bob Yirka
” … As Kotchen notes, fossil fuel providers in the U.S. are not made to pay for the costs associated with use of their products. Burning oil and coal, he notes, produces air pollution, which, in addition to contributing to global warming, also adversely impacts the health of people breathing polluted air. Such products also lead to road damage and congestion due to travel delays. He notes that all of the side-effects of using fossil fuels have costs. Currently, such costs are borne by taxpayers, not the companies that produce the product. Because the fossil fuel companies do not have to pay such costs, Kotchen refers to them as implicit subsidies. In this new effort, he has added up all of the associated costs from fossil fuel use to find out just how much these implicit subsidies come to each year.
Using data for the years 2010 to 2018, Kotchen found that they add up to approximately $62 billion on average for each year. He notes also that there are very few large fossil fuel companies providing their products to buyers in the U.S., which means that each of them gets a very large piece of the pie. He found, for example, that Peabody Energy Corp received approximately $1.56 billion of the pie, while Arch Resources received just over $1 billion. He also found that producers of natural gas were also getting implicit subsidies—EQT Corp, for example, received approximately $696 each year, while Exxon Mobil received approximately $688 million. He noted that coal producers were receiving the most benefit from implicit subsidies. …”
read whole articel at phys.org
see also at phys.org 10/2020 fossil-fuel-subsidies-global-reform
phys.org 2021 The producer benefits of implicit fossil fuel subsidies in the United States – by Matthew J. Kotchen s of the National Academy of Sciences (2021). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011969118Journal information:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences